Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad

Following are the research activities performed at Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad

Research Activities of Bioassay Group

Screening of New Mung Bean Genotypes Against Insect Pests

Brief Description

Advance mungbean genotypes M001. M002 and M003 supplied by Crop Sciences Institute, NARC, Islamabad and a standard has been sown in Pulses Research Institute, Faisalabad. Trial is in progress.

Objectives

• To screen out comparatively less susceptible mung bean genotypes against insect pests
• To generate data for varietal approval

Methodology

The experiment is laid out in RCB Design having four repeats. Sucking insect pest population will be recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random from upper, middle and lower portions of plants. Attack of pod borer will be recorded by examining all fruiting bodies of 5 randomly selected plants /plot. 

Comparative Efficacy Of Rodenticides Bait, Fumigant And Repellent Device For The Control Of Rodents In Sugarcane

Objectives

Methodology

Plot size 1 acre
Bait Preparation: Bait of the rodenticides will be prepared by adding 25 gram of rodenticides in 25ml edible oil with 950 gram of wheat porridge.
Treatment Application: Ten gram of poison bait will be placed at the either side of burrow. Aluminium phosphide tables will be placed in side the burrow. 
Recording of Data : All the prevailing rat burrows in the crop field will be closed by plugging with soil before treatment. On the next day the number of alive burrows will be counted to ensure the presence of rat. Baits and tablets will be placed near and in the burrows respectively, then burrows will be closed. Post treatment data will be recorded by counting the number of live burrows after two weeks of each application. Alive burrows will be closed and baits will be replenished after each observation. 
Treatments will be evaluated by counting active/ fresh burrows after each treatment. 3-5 application of baits/ fumigants/ anti-coagulant will be made at interval of two weeks.
The mortality of rats products will be assessed by Henderson and Tilton formula, 1955. 
% Mortality = 1- Ta x Cb x100
Tb x Ca
Ta = No. of live burrows after treatment in treated plot
Cb = No of live burrows in check before treatment 
Ta = No of live burrows before treatment in treated plot 
Ca = No of live burrows in check after treatment 

Screening Of Tomato Genotypes Against Insect Pests 

Brief Description

Fifteen advance tomato genotypes including LITTH-611; LITTH-623; LITTH-642; SAHEL F1; 7053; 8517; 8506; 9078; 9106; 10180; LTH-177; LTH-204; LTH-218; T-1359 F1 and NAQEEB are sown in Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad. Trial is in progress. 

Objectives

To find out resistance genotpyes against insect pests of tomato 

Methodology

Aphid and whitefly population will be recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at reandom per plot. Attack of fruit borers will be recorded by examining all fruits of 5 randomly selected plants per plot.

Efficacy of New Insecticides against Gram Pod Borer 

Brief Description

Four insecticides viz: Tracer 240 SC (Spinosad), Belt 480 SC (Flubendiamide), Timer super 5%WDG (Emmamectin benzoate) and Big shot 20% (Chlorantranilprole) will be tested against gram pod borer.

Objectives

To find out the effective insecticides for the control of gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera.

Methodology

The trial will be conducted in RCB Design with three repeats. To evaluate above mentioned treatment the %age infestation of gram pod borer will be recorded from 10 randomly selected plants/plot before and then 7 & 14 days of spray.

Efficacy of Seed Dressing Insecticides against Maize Shoots fly Atherigona Soccata on Spring Maize.

Brief Description

The efficacy of seed dressing insecticides against maize shoot fly Atherigona soccata on spring maize will be conducted to evaluate the most effective insecticide for the control of maize shoot fly. The insecticides used will be Hombre 186.25 FS (Imidacloprid +Tebuconazole), Hombre 372.5 FS (Imidacloprid +Tebuconazole), Confidor 70 %WS (Imidacloprid) and Actara 70 WS (Thiamethoxam).

Objectives

To evaluate the most effective insecticide for the control of maize shoot fly.
Methodology
The experiment will be laid out in RCBD with three repeats. The plot size of each treatment will be kept 5 x 3 m2. Different treatments will be applied for the control of maize shoot fly according to the plan of work. Data regarding maize shoot fly infestation will be recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of germination of crop and will be compared statistically for the treatments means.

Screening of Maize Hybrids against Insect Pests

Brief Description

Nine maize hybrids including FH-793, FH-810, FH-940, FH-963, FH-985, FH-1036, FH-1046, NK-8711 and 31P41 will be screened out against insect pests of maize.

Objectives

To find out resistance hybrids against insect pests of maize.

Methodology

Available genotypes will be sown and kept under observation. Infested shoots by shoot fly will be recorded from 100 randomly selected plants/plot. Aphid and Jassid population will be recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random per plot. Attack of stem borer will be recorded by examining ten randomly selected plants per plot. 

Screening Of Gram Genotypes Against Insect Pests 

Brief Description

Different available gram genotypes (Desi and Kabuli) will be screened out against insect pests

Objectives

To find out resistance genotpyes against insect pests of gram

Methodology

Available genotypes will be sown and kept under observation. Aphid and whitefly population will be recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random per plot. Attack of cut worm will be recorded by examining 50 plants and fruit borers will be recorded by examining all fruits of 5 randomly selected plants per plot.

Efficacy of some traditional and new Chemistry Insecticides against helicoverpa armigera on Berseem in Faisalabad District

Brief Description

Different available insecticides will be evaluated for the control of Helicoverpa armigera on berseem crop.

Objectives

To observe the efficacy of some insecticides against Helicoverpa Armigera on berseem fodder under field conditions 

Methodology

The population of various Lapidopterous insect pests will be recorded on appearance. To study the efficacy, various insecticides will be sprayed after the interval of 15 days. Data regarding lapidopterous Insect pests population i.e. American boll worm and Army worm etc. will be recorded after 48 hours, 72 hours and 7 days interval after each spray of various insecticides in sub plots (Treatments and replications) by counting the population by using per square meter area method.

ii. Pest Management Group

Integrated Pest Management Of Fruit Borer On Tomato Crop (Helicoverpa Armigera)

Brief Description

Different IPM practices like Trichograma, Neem leaf extract and clean cultivation were tested against the Tomato fruit borer. The release of Trichgramachilonis against tomato fruit borer showed highest reduction in population as compared to other control treatments.

Objective

To find out most effective treatment to control the tomato fruit borer

Methdology

The trial was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The experiment was conducted in the research area of vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad and farmer field. Trichogramma eggs @ 60 cards/ acre (500 eggs/ card) were released on the appearance of eggs of fruit borer and replaced at 10 days intervals.
Neemlaef extract were sprayed on pest appearance and repeated at weekly intervals. The data regarding fruit borer infestation was recorded from 5 plants selected at random from each plot. Finally the data was analyzed statistically.

Integrated Pest Management Of Red Cotton Bug (Dysdercus Koenji) On Cotton Crop
Brief Description

Different practices like eradication of weeds, hoeing, flooding with Chlorpyriphos was tested against red cotton bug. Maxim 

Objectives

To devise the most effective IPM strategy against red cotton bug on cotton crop

Methodology

The experiment was conducted in the research area of Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad. The trial were be laid out in RCBD with three replication. After germination hoeing was done at 15 days interval throughout the crop season.Flooding of chlorpyrifos was done during November and December. Red cotton bug population was recorded from 15 randomly selected plants per plot at 15 days intervals throughout the crop season.Finally the data was analyzed statistically.

Reverification of insecticides doses against sucking insect pests ofcotton

Brief Description

The trial was conducted to verify the different insecticide doses used by the farmers. In the experiment 9 different insecticides were tested against sucking insect pest complex of cotton at their recommended doses. It was observed that Confidor showed the maximum mortality of the sucking pests followed by Sharp(imidacloprid). Rest of insecticides were at par with each other’s

Objective

To verify the efficacy of insecticide doses already standardized against sucking insect pests in cotton crop.

The experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications. The plot size was 40x20ft.The first application of insecticides was done at Economic Threshold Level of sucking pests and then again when the sucking insect pests will reach at ETL.To record the data of Jassid, whitefly and thrips, 5 plants were selected at random each time from each treatment and the number of insects were counted from upper, middle and lower leaves of each plant.Finally the data was statistically analyzed.

Comparative Efficacy Of Different Plant Extracts Against Whitefly On Chilies

Brief Description

Different Botanicals were like Kanair leaf extract, Dhatura leaf extract, Neem leaf extract, Ak leaf extract and Castor leaf extract was tested gainst white fly on chellies. Dhatura leaf extract gave maximum reduction in population of the pest i.e. 43.46% followed by Kanair 40.83%. Rest of botanicals showed less reduction in population.

Objective

To find most effective plant extract against whitefly on chilie

Methodology

The crop was sown in the research area of Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad. The trial was laid out in RCB design with three replicates. Plant extracts were applied on pest appearance.Data regarding whitefly population was recorded from upper, middle and lower leaves of five plants selected at random from each plot before and 24, 72 and 168 hour after the application. The data was subjected to suitable statistical analysis.

Integrated pest management of fruit and shoot borer, leucinodes orbonalis in egg plant (brinjal).

Brief Description

Trial was designed to test the different IPM practices like sanitation, Bio control agents and different insecticides against Brinjal fruit and shoot borer. The results showed that the use of insecticide gave maximum control of fruit and shoot borer as compared to other control treatments.

Objective

To find out the most suitable and effective IPM strategy against the pest.

Methodology

The trial was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The plot size was33x25 sq.ft.
Trichogrammaegg cards were obtained from Bio-control laboratory, ERI, Faisalabad.Sixty cards each containing 500 eggs of Trichogramma were released in the field. The first release was done 2-3 weeks after transplanting or at appearance of eggs population of the insect pest and then further releases weredone as and when required. The insecticide were applied when the pest infestationl reached at ETL. The number of application of each insecticide were depend upon the severity of pest infestation.To record shoot/fruit borer infestation, 5 plants were selected at random from each plot and the number of damaged fruits/ plantwere counted to calculate % age infestation and % age reduction. The pre and post treatment data was recorded after 7days of each insecticidal application/ 72 hrs after release of Trichogramma. The comparative data was subjected to appropriate statistical analysis.

Sustainable management of fruit borer (earias spp.) On okra

Brief Description

Different management practices like weeding, hand picking, release of trichograma, plant extracts and insecticides were tested against the Okra fruit and shoot borer. The use of insecticide showed maximum reduction in population as compared to other control measures
Objective

To find out the most suitable and effective strategy against the okra fruit and shoot borer (Eariasspp.).

Methodology

The trial was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The plot size was33x25 sq.ft. Collection and destruction of affected fruits was done at 7 days interval. Trichogrammaegg cards were obtained from Bio-control laboratory, ERI, Faisalabad.Sixty cards each containing 500 eggs of Trichogrammawere released in the field. Trichogrammarelease weredone at the appearance of the pest and then further releases were done at 7 days intervals. 
The Neem and dhatura leaf extracts were applied on pest infestation appearance.
Damaged and undamaged fruits, from randomly selected five plants in eachplot were counted at an interval of 7 days. Percent fruit infestation was calculatedby the following formula: 
B
Infestation Percentage = -------------X100
A
Where: A= Total number of fruits, and B=Damaged fruits
The data were analyzed using an MSTATC package and the means were
separated by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at 0.05 % probability. 

Integrated pest management of lepidopterous pests on spinach

Brief Description

Different IPM like cultural, biological and chemical control techniques were tested against lepidopterous pests of spinach. It was notice that Chemical control gave the maximum mortality of the pest

Objective

To give the Suitable control package to the farmers

Methodology

The spinach crop were sown in the research area of Vegetable research Institute, Faisalabad. The trial were laid out in RCB design with three replicates.The Trichogramma cards were obtained from bio control lab, ERI lab. Sixty cards, each containing 500 eggs of Trichogramma were installed in field. First release was done on the appearance of lepidopterous pest and will be repeated at 7 days interval till crop harvest. To record the percentage infestation, 5 plants were selected at random from each plot.The pre and post treatment data was recorded 72 hrs and 7 days after each treatmentFinally data were subjected to statistical analysis

Screening of Bitter Gourd genotypes against fruit fly

Brief Description

Bitter gourd genotypes were sown in the area of Vegetable Research Institute as adoptability trial. Fruit fly infestation data was recorded to screen comparatively tolerant genotype against fruit fly

Objective

To find out the susceptible and resistant genotypes of Bitter gourd against fruit fly

Methodology

Ten bitter gourd genotypes were sown in area of VRI, Faisalabad, with RCB design having plot size of 20x30 sq.ft. There were three replicates in each treatment. To record the fruit fly infestation, 5 plants were selected at random from each plot. The data regarding fruit fly infested fruits was recorded at 7 days interval. Percent fruit infestation was calculated by following formula
B
Infestation Percentage = -------------X100
A
Where A= Total number of fruits, B= Damaged fruits, 
The data will subjected to suitable statistical analysis
Previous year’s results: 1st year

Efficacy of different plant extract against sunflower head moth (Helicoverpaarmigera)

Brief Description

Different plant leaf extracts like Dhatura, Kanair, Neem Castor andTobaco were tested against the sunflower head moth. It was observed that Neem leaf extract and Dhatura leaf extract gave maximum reduction in population.

Objective

To find most effective plant extract against sunflower head moth

Methodology

The crop was sown in the research area of Oilseed Research Institute, Faisalabad.The trial will be laid out in RCB design with three replicates. Plant extracts were applied on pest appearance.To record the data, five plants were selected at random from each plot. Data was recorded before and 24, 72 and 168 hour after the application. The data was subjected to suitable statistical analysis.

iii. Entomological Research Sub Station, Multan
 Varietal Resistance/Susceptibility Of Onion Genotypes Against Thrips

Brief Description 

The most susceptible genotype to onion thrips was Mirpurkhas having 20.69 and red amposta with 20.39 individuals/ plant. Whereas less populations of thrips were recorded on Rio-6 having 13.13/ plant.

Objectives

To find out resistant variety of onion against thrips

Methodology

 Eighteen onion genotypes were tested in the field of Vegetable Research Sub Station Multan under RCBD. The data against thrips was recorded at weekly intervals.

Studies Of Population Dynamics Of Fruit Fly Species Through Pheromones Traps In Mango Orchard 

Brief Description

The pheromones traps were installed in mango orchards throughout the year. It was found that maximum fruit flies were captured in the month of May 2013 i.e. 521 fruit flies per trap when max temp was 44.46 ᴼC, minimum temp was 25.71 ᴼC with RH 44.87%.

Objectives

To know the species of fruit flies attracted to methyl eugenol traps and their population throughout the year 

Methodology

 Five methyl eugenol traps were installed in mango orchards. The fruit flies captured in traps were collected weekly and separate the species, counted their population.

Comparative Effectiveness Of Various Insecticides Against Onion Thrips

Brief Description

Karate @330ml/100 liter of water proved the best insecticides for the control of onion thrips and yield can be increased. 

Objectives

To screen out best insecticides for the control thrips

Methodology

Eight insecticides were sprayed in the field of Vegetable Research Sub Station Multan under RCBD. The data regarding percent mortality was recorded before spray and then 24, 72 and 168 h after spray.

Comparative Effect Of Growers Practices On The Intensity Of Mango Mige Under Field Conditions 

Brief Description

More infested inflorescence due mango midge was recorded in those treatments where the orchards were kept unploughed as compared with intercropping treatments.

Objectives

To identify the practice which decreased the mango midge population

Methodology

Mango orchards i) unploughed ii) intercropping iii) ploughed with no intercropping were kept under observation throughout the active period of mango midge. The data on midge was recorded weekly.
Wonderful Technology for the Management of Mango Mealybug

(Drosicha Mangiferae G.) in Orchards

Brief Description

Mango mealybug Drosicha mangiferae Green (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) is known as one of the most serious pests in the Indo-Pak subcontinent, causing untimely fruit drop. Alone or combination of a number of managing strategies like chemical, mechanical and cultural techniques used to overcome D. mangiferae. The studies were focused on the collections of gravid female which come down after completing the lifecycle and wandering in search of suitable places for egg laying during 2010-2013. Wonderful cultural control results has been achieved through earthing/mounding the trees trunk with debris on a plastic sheet twice a year was the most favourable place for egg laying which resulted in maximum reduction of the nymphal population of D. mangiferae in next year. The results of our studies suggested that percent reduction of eggs were 99.11% per square inch in the treatment where earthing up /mounds were formed on plastic sheet with hay grass, debris, dried leaves, weeds and minimum eggs were reduced in the treatment where mounds were formed with mud i.e. 10.00 percent per square inch. Where as less population of gravid females i.e. 99.52 and 99.84% on the trees per 30 cm branch were recorded in those treatments where the trees were earthing up with debris, dried leaves and weeds on plastic sheet. The results indicated that employing earthing up / mounding the trees twice a year is good practice which not only reduce the need for pesticides treatments but also offer a sustainable technique for D. mangiferae management.

Objectives

To manage the mango mealybug through cultural practices

Methodology

In the first week of April four treatments viz., T1=mounds of debris, dried leaves and weeds, T2=mounds by mixing of mud with debris, dried leaves and weeds, T3=mounds of mud, T4= mounds on plastic sheet by debris, dried leaves and weeds were applied under four replications under RCBD. At the end of June, when gravid females coming down the trees and laid their eggs in the mounds, the artificial mounds were broken and were spread in the orchards

Assessment Of Frut Losses And Impact Of Morphological Markers Of Various Mango (Mangiferae Indica) Genotypes On Mango Mealybug (Drosicha Mangiferae Green) (Homoptera: Margarodidae)

Brief Description

Pest observations for loss assessment revealed that the fruits obtained in pests managed treated genotypes were statistically more than untreated i.e. 10.82 percent in cultivar Anwar Retual followed by 10.81, 10.23, 9.53, 9.41, 9.21, 8.42 and 7.75 percent on Retaul-12, Chaunsa, Black Chaunsa, Sindhri, Tukhmi, Dusehri and Fajri, respectively. Maximum population of mango mealybug was recorded on Chaunsa i.e. 17.52 individuals/ inflorescence and minimum on Anwar Retaul i.e. 9.67 /inflorescence.

Objectives

To estimate the yield loss by the attack of mango mealybug 

Methodology

The experiment was conducted to determine morphological markers affecting mango mealybug resistance in scion genotypes and to evaluate ultimate losses of mango fruits caused by mango mealybug in different genotypes of mango due to pest invasion. For this purpose eleven locally grafted mango genotypes viz. Chaunsa, Fajri, Langra, Black Chaunsa, Sufaid Chaunsa, Sindhri, Malda, Anwar Retaul, Dusehri, Retaul-12, Sensation and one seed born cultivar Tukhmi were selected in an orchard during 2006-07 in district Multan, Pakistan. The mango mealybug was controlled through various practise and other treatments with mango mealybug.
Kharif 2013

Comparative study of spotted, american and pink bollworm on bt. Cotton varieties and their revarification through kanamycin

Brief Description

Twenty six bt cotton varieties were tested in field against bollworms. Maximum mixing was recorded in genotypes V4, V5, V12 and V24 with 24, 26, 26 and 23 percent. Minimum mixing was in V26 i.e. 4%. All genotypes were mixing with non bt genotypes which were separated through the use of Kanamycin sulphate. Along with non bt genotypes, bt genotypes also showed attack of bollworms. Maximum population of spotted bollworms per plant was recorded in non bt genotypes i.e. 2 per plant and minimum 0 percent. Similarly in bt genotypes V2 and V6 with 0.14 and 0.37 per plant. In case of pink bollworms maximum infestation was recorded V4, V5, V12 and V17 having 11,11,12,13 percent. Bt genotypes also having the attack of pink bollworms. American bollworm had zero population.

Objectives

To know the presence of bollworms on bt cotton

Methodology

PCCT varieties were sown at Cotton Research Station Multan were kept under observation for the attack of bollworms. The varieties were distinguished between bt and non bt through using Kanamycin sulphate solution i.e. 1g /500ml of distilled water

Study of Pink Bollworm on Non bt. Cotton Varieties 

Brief Description

Among 10 coded genotypes of cotton, V1 with 15.79% had maximum infestation of pink bollworms similar to V2, V3, V5 and V8 with 13, 13, 13 and 12 percent infestation. V5 had maximum spotted bollworm per plant i.e. 3.

Objectives

To know the attack of intensity of pink bollworm on non bt cotton varieties

Methodology

Ten non bt cotton varieties were sown at Cotton Research Station Multan were kept under observation for the attack of pink bollworm at weekly intervals by observing 15 plants completely per treatment. 

Comparative Effictiveness Of Various Insecticides For The Control Of Thrips On Cotton

Brief Description

Maximum mortality of thrips was recorded in the treatments where acephate, tracer and pirate were sprayed with 87, 81 and 75% mortality of thrips.

Objectives

To screen best insecticides for the control of thrips

Methodology

Nine numbers of insecticides were sprayed against thrips on cotton at Cotton Research Station Multan under RCBD. The data regarding percent mortality was recorded before spray and then 24, 72 and 168 h after spray.

Effect Of Surroundings Areas On Unopened Cotton

Brief Description

Vegetables (lady’s finger) sides of cotton had yellowish lint 1.23% and water channel sides with 1.18%, other sides having no yellowish lint. 

Objectives

To know effect of surrounding crops on population of red cotton bug 
and quality of lint

Methodology

The surroundings of cotton crops were kept under observation for the population of red cotton bug. The population of red cotton bug on surrounding crops and cotton were counted. At the end the number of bolls per plant were counted and opened for the yellow lint.

Capturing Of Female Fruitflies Through Using Baits In Mango Orchards

Brief Description

Five traps for the capturing of female fruit flies were installed in mango Orchards during July, August and September, there were no attraction of Fruit flies in the traps.

Objectives

Try to capture the female fruit fly and to save the crop from their attack

Methodology

Different baits were tried in traps for the capturing of female fruit flies in mango orchards. But trial is still in progress.

Population Dynamics Of Red Cotton Bug

Brief Description

More population of RCB were recorded in the month of mid of Oct to end of Nov 2013

Objectives

To know the effect of weather factors on population of red cotton bug and yellow lint

Methodology

The cotton crop was kept under observation and counted the population of red cotton bug throughout the season. The population was correlated with weather factors.

Exploration of Breeding Places of Red Cotton Bug

Brief Description

More breeding places were recorded with in the cotton crop i.e. cracks on beds of ridges and under leaves i.e. 17 and 16.

Objectives

To overcome red cotton bug attack and yellowish lint

Methodology

The survey in the vicinity of Multan was conducted to locate the red cotton bug breeding places on the basis of 1st instar nymphs of red cotton bug. 

iv. Bee keeping and hill fruits sub station Rawalpindi
a. Beekeeping

Description: effect of supplemental feeding on the development of artificially reared queen bees.
Objective: To study the effect of supplemental feeding on the morphology and performance of artificially reared queen bees.
RES.WORKER(s): Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq & Khalida Hamid Abbasi.
LOCATION: Rawalpindi.
TREATMENT:
T1 = 250 ml sucrose syrup per week.
T2 = 500 ml sucrose syrup per week.
T3 = 750 ml sucrose syrup per week.
T4 = 1000 ml sucrose syrup per week.
T5 = No feeding (control).

Methodology

Fifteen even populated bee colonies were selected. The colonies were made queen less twenty four hours before the introduction of grafted queen cups and was called as “cell raiser” colonies. In each colony, sixteen twenty four old young larvae of worker bees were introduced. The supplemental feeding in the form of sugar syrup (1:1) was provided to these colonies. On the emergence of the queen bees, the weight and size of each queen bee was measured for comparison. The performance in terms of brood area and honey production per colony was also be evaluated for each treatment.

Achievement

The data depicted that T4 (1000 ml sucrose syrup/week) was found the most effective supplemental feeding resulted more size 23.75, weight 198.50 mg of bee queen, brood area 2187 cm2 and produce 14.50 Kg honey as compared to other treatments.

Description: quantitative assessment of royal jelly collected at different time interval in honeybees apis mellifera l.

Objective:

To assess the quantity of royal jelly collected at different time interval.
RES.WORKER(s): Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq & Khalida Hamid Abbasi.

LOCATION: Rawalpindi.
Treatment/ Methodology
Artificially made queen cups from bees wax with a special cell forming die were fitted in a wooden hive frame. In each queen cup, a twenty-four hours old young larva of worker bee from a best performing colony was grafted with the help of grafting needle. A drop or two of dilute royal jelly was provided to each young larva. The frame was put gently in a strong bee colony, dequeened twenty-four hour before the introduction of the frame. Accepted queen cups were removed 48 and 72 hour after grafting. The queen cups were cut open a few millimeters above the larvae present in the cell. The larvae was gently removed and discarded. Royal jelly was extracted with a spatula and weighed with an electronic balance.

Achievement

It was revealed that quantity of royal jelly collected after 72 hours is more i.e 183 mg as compared to collect after 48 hours (155mg) and 96 hours (140mg).

Description: studies on the scenaro of ameraican foul brood and honeybee mite in the apiaries.

Objective

To determine the infection & infestation level of honeybee disease & mite in the private apiaries and to provide advisory services accordingly.
Res.Workers: Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq, Asif Razzaq, Muhammad Izhar-ul-Haq, Saleem Akhtar & Amjad Khan.
Location: Rawalpindi, Murree, Hasanabdal & Lahore.

Methodology

Survey of different apiaries in the Province of Punjab were carried out. The infection and infestation of honey bee disease and mite was recorded to ascertain the extent of damage done to the honey bees by inspecting bee colonies of the total stock. Advisory services were also provided as per pest situation to beekeepers.

Achievement

It was observed that 4% to 25% infestation of honeybee mite and non of infection of American Foul |Brood was recorded. The owners of bee apiaries were advised to clean the bottom boards regularly and fumigate the bee hives with thymol/fluvalinate/formic acid to control the honeybee mite.

Description: studies on the effect of liquid protein (peptone) on honeybee colonies development.

Objective

To find out effect of liquid protein (Peptone) on the development of bee colonies during the period of mal nutrition.
Res.Workers: Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed , Muhammad Shafiq, Khalida Hamid Abbas & Asif Razzaq.
Location: Rawalpindi/Hasanabdal
Treatment: T1 = Peptone (liquid protein + Sucrose syrup/week.
T2 = Peptone + Yeast + Sucrose syrup/week.
T3 = Yeast + Sucrose syrup/week 
T4 = Control (No feeding)

Methodology

Twelve even populated bee colonies were selected. The experiment was laid out under RCBD with three repeats. Each treatment except control was provided to the bee colonies during the period of mal nutrition. The pre-treatment observations were recorded just before the provision of liquid protein and post treatment data were recorded at 15 days interval after treatment application. The efficacy of each treatment was recorded on the basis of egg lying by queen, brood area measurement in square inch by using wire grid. 

Achievement

T The data revealed that T1 (Peptone liquid protein+ sucrose syrup/week.) gave the best result (65.31%) more brood as compared to the rest of the treatments.
Description: Effect Of Essential Oil For The Control Of Honey Bee Mite

Objective

To find out the most suitable essential oil for the control of bee mite.
Res. Workers: Muhammad Shafiq, Asif Razzaq and Amjad Khan
Location: Rawalpindi, Hasanabdal and Lahore.
Treatment: 
T1 = Citronella Oil (25 drops add in one lit sugar syrup).
T2 = Eucalyptus Oil (25 drops add in one lit sugar syrup).
T3 = Peppermint Oil (25 drops add in one lit sugar syrup). T4 = Control (No feeding)

Methodology

Sixteen bee colonies of same population were selected at random. Pre-treatment data were taken by taking 50 honeybees from each colony and put in bottle containing tap water and then number of mites were counted. All treatment except control were applied once at 10 days interval. Post treatment data were recorded after 24 hours of treatment application by taking out 50 honeybees as per procedure mentioned in pre-treatment. Data regarding reduced percentage of mite population were worked out for comparison.

Achievement: 

The data depicted that T1 (Citronella Oil (25 drops add in one litre Sugar Syrup) was found the most effective resulted 60% reduction in bee mite population followed by T3 (Peppermint Oil (25 drops add in one litre sugar syrup) (42.31%) and T2 (Eucalyptus Oil (25 drops add in one litre sugar syrup) (33.34%).

Description: survey of eucalyptus species with regards honey and pollen values in the province of punjab.

Objective

To collect and identify the best Eucalyptus species as valuable to honeybees.
RES. WORKERS: Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq, Asif Razzaq & Amjad Khan.
LOCATION: Rawalpindi, Hasanabdal & Lahore.
Treatment/Methodology: Survey and collection of different eucalyptus species was done in the Province. These were got identified from Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad and Punjab University, Lahore. Period of flowering was noted.

Achievement

The following Eucalyptus species were collected, preserved and identified.
1. Eucalyptus albens Benth:
Family: Myrtaceae:
Common Name: White box tree, most prolific for nectar production.
Description: Tree Trunk: 25 meter high, bark persistent on full trunk, grey with whitish patches.
Leaves: Juvenile leaves disjunct, ovate to orbiculate, glaucous. Adult leaves disjunct, lanceolate or broad-lanceolate, 9–15 cm long, 2–5.5 cm wide, grey-green to glaucous, dull, discolorous. Conflorescence compound; umbellasters 7-flowered; peduncle narrowly flattened or angular, 10–18 mm long; pedicels terete, 0–5 mm long. Buds cylindrical or fusiform, glaucous, 10–18 mm long, 4–7 mm diam., scar absent; calyptra conical, as long and as wide as hypanthium. All stamens fertile.
Fruit: Fruit cylindrical or urceolate, 6–15 mm long, 5–10 mm diam.; disc depressed; valves enclosed.
2. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.:
Family: Myrtaceae:
Common Name: River Gum, River Red Gum, most prolific for nectar and pollen production.
Description: Tree: 30 meter high (occasionally taller),bark smooth, white, grey to red brown, shedding in short ribbons or flakes.
Leaves: Juvenile Leaves; Disjunct, broad lanceolate to ovate dull grey-green.
Adults Leaves: Adult leaves disjunct, narrow-lanceolate or lanceolate, 8–30 cm long, 1–2.5 cm wide, green or grey-green, dull, concolorous. Umbellasters 7–11-flowered; peduncle terete, 7–25 mm long; pedicels terete, 5–12 mm long. Buds ovoid, 6–11 mm long, 3–6 mm diam., scar present; calyptra hemispherical and rostrate, longer than and as wide as hypanthium. 

Fruit: Fruit globose or ovoid, 3–5-locular, 5–7 mm long, 5–7 mm diam.; disc raised; valves exerted.
3. Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.
Family: Myrtaceae:
Common Name: Lemon scented gum tree, most important for nectar production.
Tree: 50 meter tall, forming a lignotuber, bark smooth throughout, white to pink or coppery, often powdery, shedding in thin curling flakes, mottling of trunk often not pronounced.
Leaves: Juvenile Leaves always petiolate, opposite for 2 or 3 pairs then alternate, ovate to lanceolate, 14-21cm long, 4.5=8cm wide, the base usually peltate for many nodes, green, petiole and lamina scrabrid for may nodes.
Adult leaves alternate, petiole 1–2.5 cm long; blade narrowly lanceolate to falcate, (7)10–23 cm long, 0.6–2.8(3.5) cm wide, base tapering to petiole, concolorous, glossy, green, strongly penniveined, very densely reticulate, intramarginal vein parallel to and just within margin, oil glands island. Leaves lemon-scented when crushed or not so.

Fruit: Fruit pedicellate (pedicels 0.1–0.7 cm long), urceolate or barrel-shaped, 0.8–1.5 cm long, 0.7–1.2 cm wide, disc descending, valves 3, enclosed.

Description: capacity building & training program for the beekeepers & interested persons.

Objective

To enhance the beekeeping skill of apiculturists and to train the interested persons in order to promote the environment friendly and profitable cottage industry.
Res. Workers: Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq, Asif Razzaq, Muhammad Izhar-ul-Haq,Mrs. Khalida Hameed Abbasi, Saleem Akhtar & Amjad Khan.
Location: Rawalpindi, Murree, Hasanabdal & Lahore.
Treatment/Methodology: Beekeepers and the general public were trained in the enterprise of beekeeping with schedule as under:

Achievement:

Total 52 participant were imparted training out of which 43 from Rawalpindi,7 Hassanabdal and 2 lahore in two training of Rabi 2014.
HILL FRUIT PESTS

Description: studies on population dynamics of snails

Objective

To find out population fluctuation of Snails at different localities in Murree Hills.
Res. Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar Ul Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed,
Location: Murree

Methodology

The orchards at Tret, Charra Pani,Sunny Bank and Lower Topa, having peach, plum, apricot and apple were selected for studies. Population data of snails using Quadratic method one meter square area were collected. Three random samples were from every selected plot fortnightly. All the live snails were collected and counted. The average population of snails at each plant species was compared with the rest of the plants. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and the relationship of snail population with the temperature and humidity was determined.

Achievement
description: some studies on the insects pests attacking stored hill fruits in murree hills

Objective

To find out insect pests infestation in some stored hill fruits
Res.Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar Ul Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed,
Location: Murree

Methodology

Survey of the dried fruit market and local storage was carried out to study the insect pests attacking dry hill fruits (walnut, almonds, apricot and peaches). Ten samples were taken randomly for each fruit. The infested dry fruits having larval and egg forms of the pests were kept in the laboratory to get adult stage. The adults of the pest species were identified to possible limit. Further studies were carried out to find out their economic and effective control measures.

Description: occurrence of aphids on the hill fruit plants.
Objective
To find out aphids infestation on hill fruit plants
Res.Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar Ul Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed,
Location: Murree

Methodology

Hill fruit plants viz apricot, peach, plum, apple and avocado were selected for the studies. The plants were observed for the infestation of aphids. The fortnightly data for the occurrence of aphid population on the host plants were recorded from 1 feet linear length of randomly selected branch of a plant and counted aphid on it.

Ongoing Research Activities 

A. Beekeeping
Description:Studies On The Presence Of Different Pollen Grains In Honey Samples Of Different Bee Flora For Purity Of Honey

Objective: To determine the presence of different pollen grains for the purity of honey of different bee flora.
Res.Worker(S): Khalida Hamid Abbasi,, Muhammad Shafiq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmad

Location: Rawalpindi
Treatment: T1 = Phulai Honey sample (250gm)
T2 = Bhaiker Honey sample (250gm)
T3 = Garanda Honey sample (250gm)
T4 = Ber honey sample (250gm)
T5 = Citrus honey sample.(250gm)

Methodology

In the present study, five honey samples of 250 gm each of different bee flora viz: Phulai, Bhaiker ,Garanda, Ber and Citrus will be collected, pollen from different flowers has specific shape, size and ornamentation. Microscopical analysis of the pollen of plants foraged by bees is an established method to determine the source of honey in the area. The pollen honey samples will be prepared by water wash technique. The final residues obtained will be the pollen material. Placed this material or residues on slide with the help of glycerin gel and stain and mount the slides. The prepared slides will be studied under microscope for morphological studies and photomicrograph of pollen will be taken. The reference slides of above mentioned treatments will be prepared by taking direct samples of pollen from the flowers of said plants and comparative study of both slides will be done in order to ensure the results of the trails(the prepared slides of the pollen mentioned in treatment)..

Description: Effect Of Different Method For The Control Of Hornets

Vespa Velutina Pruthii And Vespa Orientalis
Objective: To find out the most effective methods for the control of hornets.
Res. Worker(s) Asif Razzaq.

Location: Hasanabdal

Treatment/ methodology

T1 = Tripod with Tub alongwith poultry lever.
T2 = Tripod with plastic jar alongwith damaged Grapes.
T3 = Tripod with small bucket alongwith poultry lever+damaged Grape.
T4 = Tripod with Plastic Jar containing vinegar.
T5 = Tripod with Jar have nothing.
T6 = Tripod with plastic Jar alongwith yeast+jam
Experiment will be laid out in CRD with three repeats. All the treatments will be filled with soapy water and piece of poultry lever and damaged Grape will be suspended 1”-2” above the water with the help of tripod. Tripod will be covered with screen having inlet & outlet. Hornets will be removed the piece of poultry lever or Grape. They fly down and become trapped in the soapy water. The mortality of hornets will be worked out by counting the number of hornets drop in soapy water after 24 hours.

Traps for hornets.

Description: Quantitative Assessment Of Propolis Collect At Different Time Interval In Bee Colonies Apis Mellifera.

Objective: To assess the best time to collect propolis used for apitheropy.
Res. Worker(s): Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Shafiq & Khalida Hamid Abbasi.
Location: Rawalpindi.

Treatment/methodology

Nine bee colonies of same population will be selected. Propolis trap will be fitted on the top bar of the frames in the beehive for one week, two week and three weeks interval. Propolis trap will be removed and put into the freezer for freezing of propolis. Propolis will be collected from pollen trps and weighed for comparison.

Description Efficacy Of Different Plant Leaves Smoke Against Honeybee Mite Varroa Destructor 

Objective: To evaluate environmental friendly mite control measure and to protect the beekeeping industry from new problems that will arise from the residues of presently use chemical control method.
Res.Worker(S): Muhammad Shafiq, Khalida Hamid Abbasi & Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed
Location: Rawalpindi

Treatment/Methodology

T1 = Tobacco leaves (smoke)
T2 = Walnut leaves (smoke)
T3 = Tobacco leaves + Walnut leave (smoke)
T4 = Control.
The experiment will be conducted on sixteen Apis mellifera bee colonies of the same size naturally infested with Varroa destructor were randomly selected and grouped for replication. In each treatment leaves (both dry & fresh) will be burned in a standard stainless steel beekeeper’s smoker. Beehives will be smoked treated in the late afternoon by blowing smoke into the hive entrance for one minute. The bottom boards of the hive will be covered with a sheet of white paper smeared with Vaseline; wire net will be use to separate combs and bottom board. The rate of bee mite infestation and treatment efficacy will be estimated by counting the dead mites in the sealed worker and drone brood cells before and after treatment. The final field efficacy will be estimated after the treatments using the formula developed by Jelinski et al 1994.
E=100-I1/I0x100
E=Field efficacy.
I1=Rate of infestation before treatment.
I0=Rate of infestation after treatment.

Description: Studies on The Scenario Of American Foul Brood & Honeybee Mite In The Apiaries.

Objective: To determine the infection & infestation level of honeybee disease & mite in the private apiaries and to provide advisory services accordingly.
Res.Worker(S): Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmad, Asif Razzaq, Muhammad Shafiq, M. Izhar-ul-Haq, Amjed Khan & Saleem Akhtar.

Location: Apiaries established in different localities and on different bee flora in the Province.

Tratement/ Methodology

Survey of different apiaries in the province of Punjab will be carried out. The infection and infestation of honey bee disease and mite will be recorded to ascertain the extent of damage done to the honey bees by inspecting bee colonies of the total stock. Advisory services will also be provided as per pest situation to beekeepers.
Description: Capacity Building & Training Program For Beekeepers And Interested Persons.
Objective: To enhance the beekeeping skill of apiculturists and to train the interested persons for the practice of this environment friendly and profitable cottage industry. 
Res.Worker(S): Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmad, Asif Razzaq, Muhammad Shafiq,M. Izhar-ul-Haq, Khalida Hamid Abbasi, Amjed Khan & Saleem Akhtar..
Location: Rawalpindi, Murree, Hasanabdal and Lahore.
Treatment/ Methodology: Beekeepers and the interested persons will be rained in the enterprise of beekeeping with schedule as under:
Batch No. Month Duration 
1 May 07 Days
2. August 07 Days
Syllabi for the subject training are as under:
1. Introduction to beekeeping 2. Colony System
3. Bee Forage plants. 4. Beekeeping equipments
5. Honey bee diseases and enemies. 6. Seasonal management
7. Bee products. 8. Honey extraction
9. Honey processing and marketing. 10. Wax processing.

B. Hill Fruit Pests
Description: Studies On Prevalence Of Spotted Wing Drosophila Drosophila Suzukii On Cherry Fruit.
Objective: To find out prevalence/occurrence of Spotted Wing Drosophila on cherry Fruit 
Research Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar- ul-Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed

Methodology

The experiment will be conducted at Muree area. As it has been reported that spotted wing drosophila attacks on the cherry fruit. The experiment will be conducted to know about existence of the problem in the area and its potential as a pest. The data regarding prevalence of spotted winged drosophila will be made weekly by choosing one fruit clusters on a single tree randomly and taken observation on fallen fruits. Eggs and maggots will be counted from above choosing fruit. The species will be identified and these eggs and maggots kept in laboratory for further observation.

Description: Compatrative Resistance In Apple Cultivars Against Apple Maggot Rhagoletis Pomonella . 
Objective: To find out prevalence and varietal resistance in apple cultivars against apple maggot. 
Research Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar- ul-Haq & Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed

Methodology

The experiment will be conducted at Muree. The data regarding maggot and %age fruit damage will be started at fruit set at fortnight interval. Twenty trees will be selected randomly and five fruit clusters’ randomly selected form each tree. Observations will also be taken from fallen fruits. The fruits with maggots will be kept in laboratory to obtain adult stages of maggot. The data will be analyzed for percent fruit damage and population trends.

Description: Presence Of Apple Curculio At Anthonomus Quadrigibbous Different Elevation In Apple Orchards. 
Objective: To find the location of actual problem on Muree hills.
Res. Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar- ul-Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed

Methodology

The experiment will be conducted at Muree areas having different elevations. As apple crop is attacked by apple curculio. Which damages the fruits and cause quantitative and the aesthetic loss too. Different varieties of apple will be selected. The data recording about the prevalence of apple curculio and fruit damage will be started at fruit set by repeating fortnightly. Data collection will be made by using five fruit clusters on a single tree/25 trees. Damaged fruit will be counted for percentage infestation. The data will be analyzed for percentage fruit damage.
Description: Population Dynamics Of Coccinellid Beetles Coccinella Septumpunctata In Relation To Pests And Weather Parameter
Objective: To find out population fluctuation of Coccinellid beetles in relation to pests and weather conditions.
Res. Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar- ul -Haq and Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed
Location: Surrounding areas of Murree Hills
Methodology: The experiment will be conducted at Murree. The observations will be recorded on population fluctuation in beetles viz Coccinella septempunctata and Coccinella undecimpunctata. Different hill fruit trees i.e. Apple, Apricot, Peach etc will be selected. The data regarding population build up of adult beetles, grubs recorded. The pest (prey) population will also be recorded. The relationship between the pest and predator will be determined statistically.

Description: Population Fluctuation Of Snails In Fruit Plant’s Nursery At Tret (Murree)

Objective: To find out peak activity period for the control of the pest
res. Workers: Saleem Akhtar, Muhammad Izhar- ul-Haq & Dr. Khawar Jawad Ahmed
Location: Murree area

Methodology: The experiment will be conducted at Tret (Murree). The observations will be recorded regarding population fluctuation of snails in nursery plants. Three plants of each fruit will be selected. The number of snails per plant will be counted weekly. Similarly for field prevalence quadratic method will be applied for data collection. The data will be subjected to analysis to find out peak activity period in relation to the weather factors.
 
Bioassay Group
Screening of New Cotton Genotypes Against Insect Pests Complex 

Brief Description

Genotypes supplied by the breeders were sown in the research area of Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad and Cotton Research Station Vehari for screening against insect pest complex.
Objectives
To evaluate the response of different cotton genotypes against insect pests. 
To provide data for varietal approval. 

Methodology

The experiment was laid out in RCB Design having three repeats. Whitefly, jassid and thrips population were recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random from upper, middle and lower portions of plants. Attack of bollworms were recorded by examining all fruiting bodies of 5 randomly selected plants /plot. Attack of Pink Bollworm were observed by dissecting 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Red cotton bug population was recorded from 15 plants /plot selected at random while dusky cotton bug population was be observed from 15 randomly selected bolls per plot. 

Effect of Different Times of Sowing On Insect Pests Incidence in Bt Cotton Crop 

Brief Description

Cotton genotypes i.e. FH-142 and FH-118 were sown starting from mid Feb till mid June with 15 days interval in the research area of Cotton Research Institute, Faisalabad to find out optimum planting time having minimum insect pest incidence in relation to seed cotton yield.

Objectives

To find out the optimum planting time having minimum insect pest incidence in relation to seed cotton yield.

Methodology

The trial was conducted in RCBD with three repeats having plot size 5.25m×1.5m. Cultivars i.e. FH-142 and FH-118 were sown in the field starting from mid Feb till mid June with 15 days interval. Whitefly, jassid and thrips population was recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random from upper, middle and lower portions of plants. Bollworm infestation was recorded by examining all fruiting bodies of 5 randomly selected plants /plot. Infestation of Pink Bollworm was observed by dissecting 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. 

Efficacy of Different Insecticides against Red Cotton Bug (Dysdercus Spp) By Flooding Method

Brief Description

Seven insecticides i.e. Chlorpyriphos 40EC (Chlorpyriphos), Thiosulphon 35%EC (Endosulfan), Regent 50%EC (Fipronil), Confidor 20%SL(Imidacloprid), Profenofos 50EC, Carbofuron, Water Flooding Without Insecticides and control were tested for red cotton bug control. Chlorpyriphos 40EC gave maximum mortality (95.63%) of Red Cotton Bug while minimum mortality (8.48 %) was observed in plot flooded with simple irrigated water after 72 hrs of application. After 7 days of application again Chlorpyriphos 40EC gave maximum mortality (95.97 %) of Red Cotton Bug, while minimum mortality (23.30 %) was observed in plot flooded with water.

Objectives

To evaluate different insecticides against Red Cotton Bug by flooding

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad, in RCB. Design, having three repeats with a plot size 75 x 27 sq.ft. Treatments were applied with irrigation water by using surgical drip. Red Cotton Bug population was recorded before and after 3 & 7 days of flooding by irrigation water from 5 randomly selected units of 1m2 per plot from the soil surface below the plant debris.

Efficacy of New Insecticides Against Cotton Thrips 

Brief Description

Eleven new insecticides viz., Stalker 10% WDG (Chlorfenapyr), Polo 50 SC (Diafenfthiuron), Fenocarb 25% EC (BPMC), Curate 50% WDG (BPMC), Alter 20% EC, (BPMC+Imidacloprid), Confidor 200 SL (Imidacloprid), Centuram 10.5% SC, (Chlorfenapyr+Emmamectin), Movento Energy 48% SC (Spirotetramate 12%+Imidacloprid36%), Lannate 40 SP (Methomyl), Tracer 240 SC (Spinosad) and Pirate 360 SC (Chlorfenpyr) were tested against cotton thrips (Thrips tabaci). The results revealed that Tracer 240 SC gave maximum mortality (87.18% & 83.89) of Thrips, while minimum mortality (78.05 % & 76.30%) was observed in plot treated with Polo 50 SC after 72 hrs and 7 days of spray application. 

Objectives

To evaluate different insecticides against cotton thrips and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of ERI, Faisalabad, in RCB Design, having three repeats with a plot size 15 x 27 sq.ft. Available new insecticides will be evaluated. Thrips population will be recorded 24 hours before and after 3 & 7 days of spray from 15 randomly selected upper, middle and lower leaves of 15 plants per plot. Beneficial’s (predators) data will also be recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides will also be observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. 

Efficacy of New Insecticides against Cotton Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)

Brief Description

The efficacy of Fourteen new chemistry insecticides viz. Curate 50% WDG, Confidor 200SL, Flax Star 50% WDG, Pyramid 10% AS, Dolo 50% SC, Polo 50% SC, Orchid 13.3% EW, Fighter 13.3% EW, Vimix Star 50% WDG, Rani 20 SP, Confidence ultra 70% WDG, Fountain 80% WDG, Joystar 70% WG and Movento 240 SC were tested against white fly (Bemisia tabaci) on cotton crop. Fighter 13.3% EW gave maximum mortality (85.38 %) of Whitefly, while minimum mortality (82.58 %) was observed in plot treated with Rani 20% SP after 72 hrs of spray application. After 7 days of spray application again Fighter 13.3% EW gave maximum mortality (82.08 %) of Whitefly, while minimum mortality (77.15 %) was again observed in plot treated with Rani 20% SP. 

Objectives

To evaluate new insecticides against cotton whitefly and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization 

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of ERI, Faisalabad in RCB Design, having three repeats. Available new insecticides were tested against whitefly. Cotton whitefly population was recorded 24 hours before and after 3 and 7 days of treatment application from 15 randomly selected upper, middle and lower leaves of 15 plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was also recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy of New Insecticides Against Cotton Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida)

Brief Description

Therteen new chemistry insecticides including Oshin 20% SG, Agrozam 25 WG, Escort 70 WG, Stalker 10% WDG, Polo 50 SC, Thiram 300 SC, Actara 25 WG, Fenocarb 25% EC, Curate 50% WDG, Alter 20% EC, Confidor 200 SL, Centuram 10.5% SC, Movento Energy 48% SC were tested for Standardization of insecticides against cotton Jassid (Amrasca devastans) on cotton crop. Alter 20% EC gave maximum mortality (86.93 %) of Jassid, while minimum mortality (79.0 %) was observed in plot treated with Alter 20% EC after 72 hrs of spray application. After 7 days of spray application again Polo 50 SC gave maximum mortality (84.36 %) of Jassid, while minimum mortality (76.26 %) was again observed in plot treated with Polo 50 SC.

Objectives

To evaluate insecticides against cotton Jassid and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization. 

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of ERI, Faisalabad, in RCB. Design, having three repeats. Insecticides were evaluated against Cotton jassid and the pest population was recorded 24 hours before and after 3 and 7 days of spray from 15 randomly selected upper, middle and lower leaves of 15 plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy Of New Insecticides Against Spotted Bollworm Of Cotton 

Brief Description

Fourteen genotypes including Step Up 105 WG, Surpass 10% EC, Bigshot 2.5% SC, Tender Klown 10% WG, Proclaim 1.9EC, Agrograce 75 WG, Blesser 2.5% SC, Tracer 240 SC, Tycon plus 5% EW, Timer 1.9 EC, Temper 20% EW, Gold Star 20% EC and Cherry 10.5% SC were tested in order to find out the efficacy of new insecticides against spotted bollworm (earias spp.) of cotton. Tracer 240 SC gave maximum mortality (81.01 %) of spotted bollworm; while minimum mortality (75.27 %) was observed in plot treated with Step Up 105 WG after 72 hrs of spray application. After 7 days of spray application Tracer 240 SC gave maximum mortality (89.01%) of Spotted bollworm, while minimum mortality (80.67 %) was observed in plot treated with Timer 1.9 EC.

Objectives

To evaluate new insecticides against spotted bollworm and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization. . 

Methodology

Cotton (non Bt) crop was sown in the area of ERI, Faisalabad, in RCB design, having three repeats. Insecticides were evaluated against spotted bollworm and the larval population will be recorded 24 hours before and after 3, and 7 days of spray from 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy Of Different Insecticides Against Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus Laetus)

Brief Description

Ten insecticides viz Carbosulfan 20 EC, Profenofos 50 EC, Deltamethrin 2.5 EC Gamma Cyhalothrin 60 CS, Lamda Cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, Imidacloprid 20 SL, Emmamectin 75 WDG, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Chlorfenapyr 360 SC, Methomyl 40 SP were tested against Dusky cotton Bug (Oxycarenus Laetus). The results revealed that maximum mortality were recorded in Gamma Cyhalothrin 60 CS (58.03 % and 61.25%) after 24hrs and 48hrs after spray application and Deltamethrin 2.5 EC gave (84.96% and 81.66%) after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. While minimum mortality were recorded in Methomyl 40 SP (36.69% and 41.67%) after 24hrs & 48hrs, Chlorfenapyr 360 SC (59.46% and 57.68%) after 72hrs and 7 days of spray application.

Objectives

To evaluate the comparatively effective insecticides against Dusky Cotton Bug and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization. 

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the area of Entomological Research Institute, in RCB. Design, having plot size 15 x 45 sq.ft. with three repeats. The trial was conducted in Sep-Oct. The pest population was recorded before 24 hours and after 72 hours and 7 days of spray by taking 15 bolls of 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was also recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy of New Insecticides against Armyworm (spodoptera spp.) in Cotton Crop 

Brief Description

Ten new chemistry insecticides including Klown 10% WG, Proclaim 1.9EC, Agrograce 75 WG, Tycon plus 5% EW, Timer 1.9 EC, Temper 20% EW, Gold Star 20% EC, Cherry 10.5% SC, Pirate 360 SC, Snap 10% WDG were tested in order to check the efficacy of new insecticides against armyworm (spodoptera litura) of cotton. Temper 20% EW gave maximum mortality (84.81%) of Army worm, while minimum mortality (76.87%) was observed in plot treated with Agrograce 75 WG after 72 hrs of spray application. After 7 days of spray application Pirate 360 SC gave maximum mortality (85.21%) of Armyworm, while minimum mortality (79.31 %) was observed in plot treated with Tycon plus 5% EW.

Objectives

To evaluate the comparatively effective insecticides against armyworm and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization. 

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of ERI, Faisalabad, in RCB. Design, having three repeats. Insecticides will be evaluated against armyworm and the larval population was recorded before treatment and then after 3 and 7 days of spray from 5 randomly selected plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was also recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy Of New Acaricides Against Mites On Cotton

Brief Description

Four new chemistry insecticides including Sindhmite 15% SC, Dolo 50% SC, Gallop 25%WP and Polo 500EC were will be tested for the effective control of mites in cotton. After 72 hours of treatment maximum mortality (90.76%) was observed in Sindhmite 15%SC (Pyridaban) and minimum (85.80%) was observed in Dolo 50% SC (Diafenthiuron). After 7 days of treatment maximum mortality (84.62%) was observed in Sindhmite 15%SC (Pyridaban) and minimum (80.08%) was observed in Dolo 50% SC (Diafenthiuron).No phyto-toxicity effects of tested insecticides was observed on cotton plant after application at recommended dose. 

Objectives

To evaluate comparative effectiveness of new acaricides against cotton mites and their impact on beneficial fauna for standardization. 

Methodology

Cotton crop was sown in the research area of Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad in RCB. Design, having plot size 15 x 27 sq.ft. with three repeats. Data was recorded 24 hours before and after 3 and 7 days of spray from 15 randomly selected upper, middle and lower leaves of 15 plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was observed after 3 and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was also recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot. 

Efficacy of New Insecticides against Cotton Mealybug
Brief Description

Objectives

To evaluate different new insecticides against cotton mealybug and their impact on beneficial fauna (standardization). 

Methodology

The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in RCB. Design, with three repeats. Available insecticides were tested against mealybug in cotton crop. Data was recorded before treatment and then after 3 and 7 days of spray from 15 tagged, 10 cm twigs of 15 plants per plot. Phyto-toxicity effects such as burning of leaves and plants per plot of tested insecticides was also observed after 72 hrs and 7 days of application. Beneficial’s (predators) data was recorded by observing population of Beneficial’s (predators) on 5 randomly selected plants per plot.

Screening of New Guar Genotypes against Insect Pests

Brief Description
Objectives

• To screen out new guar genotypes against insect pests. 
• To generate data for varietal approval.

Methodology

New genotypes provided by Regional Agricultural Research Station Bhawalpur was sown in the Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in RCB Design having three repeats. Whitefly and jassid population was recorded from 15 leaves of 15 plants selected at random from upper, middle and lower portions of plants. 

Studies On The Population Dynamics Of Jassid, Thrips And Whitefly On Bt Cotton 
Brief Description

Objectives

To observe the

Methodology

Bt cotton crop was kept under observation throughout the crop season at three locations i.e. Faisalabad, Bahawalpur and Multan. Data regarding jassid ,thrips and whitefly population was recorded at 10 days interval by observing 15 randomly selected upper, middle and lower leaves of 15 plants per plot. Temperature and Relative Humidity data was also recorded.

Impact Of Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus Laetus) On Cotton Seed Germination And Seed Weight 

Brief Description

Five treatments i.e. T1: 5 pairs of Dusky Cotton Bug/Boll; T2: 10 pairs of Dusky Cotton Bug /Boll; T3: 15 pairs of Dusky Cotton Bug /Boll; T4: 20 pairs of Dusky Cotton Bug /Boll; T5: 25 pairs of Dusky Cotton Bug /Boll and a control were tested to evaluate the impact of dusky cotton bug (oxycarenus laetus) on cotton seed germination and seed weight. The maximum germination 81.50 was observed in control while minimum in treatment where 25 pairs were released. The minimum reduction in seed germination (1.50 %) was observed in the treatment having 5 pairs as compared with check while maximum reduction 17.52% in treatment having 25 pairs of dusky cotton bug. Dusky cotton bug reduced the seed weight by 16.69 % in the treatment having 25 pairs while the minimum reduction in seed weight (3.64 %) was seen in the treatment having 5 pairs.

Objectives

To find out the germination losses caused by Dusky Cotton Bug on cotton seed

Methodology

Fresh half opened cotton bolls of Bt-121 free from DCB were collected from the field from different localities and 10 bolls were kept in the glass jars and 5-25 pairs of DCB adult were released per boll in the glass jars of 2 kg capacity. Bolls were exposed to DCB for a period of three months at 25C˚ in the laboratory in Complete Randomized Design having three repeats. After three months seeds were tested for germination by using towel method. Seed germination data was recorded after 1 week.

Efficacy Of Different Insecticides For The Control Of Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus Laetus) Under Laboratory Conditions.

Brief Description

Seventeen insecticides viz Deltamethrin 2.5 EC, Profenofos+Cypermethrin 40 EC, Carbosulfan 20 EC, Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS, Lamdacyhalothrin 2.5 EC, Imidacloprid 200 SL, Emmamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Chlofenapyr 360 SC, Methomil 40 SP, Acetamiprid 20 SL, Triazophos 40 EC, Pyriproxyfen 10 AS, Cypermethrin 10 EC, Chlorantraniliprole 240 SC, Spirotetramate 240 SC and Chlorpyrifos 40 EC and check (simple water spray) were tested against dusky cotton bug in the Lab. Twenty dusky cotton bug adults were released in glass jars having insecticide sprayed five open cotton bolls. Glass jars were covered with muslin cloth. The data of the mortality was collected after 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days of treatment, separately by counting the dead and alive DCB adults and the dead adults were removed after every count. After 24 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Triazophos 40 EC i.e. 86.55%. Minimum mortality was observed in Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS i.e. 56.81% after 24 hours of treatment application. After 48 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Cypermethrin 10 EC i.e. 92.26% while minimum mortality was observed in Leufenuron 5 EC i.e. 69.05% After 72 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Imidocloprid 200 SL, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Methomyl 40 SP, Acetamiprid 20 SC and Cypermethrin 10 EC i.e. 100% while minimum mortality was observed in Leufenuron 5 EC After 7 days of treatment application 100% mortality was observed in all treatments except Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS, Leufenuron 5 EC and Deltamethrin 2.5 EC.

Objectives

To find out the most effective insecticides against dusky cotton bug. 

Methodology

Twenty dusky cotton bug adults were released in glass jars having insecticide sprayed five open cotton bolls. Glass jars were covered with muslin cloth. The data of the mortality was collected after 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days of treatment, separately by counting the dead and alive DCB adults and the dead adults were removed after every count. 
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Efficacy Of Different Insecticides For The Control Of Red Cotton Bug Under Laboratory Conditions

Brief Description

Eighteen insecticides viz Deltamethrin 2.5 EC, Profenofos+Cypermethrin 40EC, Carbosulfan 20 EC, Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS, Lamdacyhalothrin 2.5 EC, Imidacloprid 200SL, Emmamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Chlofenapyr 360 SC, Methomyl 40SP, Acetamiprid 20SP, Triazophos 40 EC, Cypermethrin 10 EC, Chlorantraniliprole 240 SC, Spirotetramate 240SC, Chlorpyrifos 40 EC, Dinotefuran 20 SG, Leufenuron 5EC and check (simple water spray) were tested against red cotton bug in the Lab. After 24 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Triazophos 40 EC i.e. 86.55%. Minimum mortality was observed in Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS i.e. 56.81% after 24 hours of treatment application. After 48 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Cypermethrin 10 EC i.e. 92.26% while minimum mortality was observed in Leufenuron 5 EC i.e. 69.05% After 72 hours of treatment application maximum mortality was observed in Imidocloprid 200 SL, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Methomyl 40 SP, Acetamiprid 20 SC and Cypermethrin 10 EC i.e. 100% while minimum mortality was observed in Leufenuron 5 EC After 7 days of treatment application 100% mortality was observed in all treatments except Gammacyhalothrin 60 CS , Leufenuron 5 EC and Deltamethrin 2.5 EC. 

Objectives

To find out the most effective insecticides against red cotton bug.

Methodology

Twenty red cotton bug adults were released in glass jars having insecticide sprayed five open cotton bolls. Glass jars were covered with muslin cloth. Mortality data were collected 24hrs, 48hrs, 72 hrs and 7 days after treatment application.

Efficacy Of Different Insecticides For The Control Of Red Cotton Bug

Brief Description

Ten insecticides viz. Carbosulfan 20 EC, Profenofos 50 EC, Deltamethrin 2.5 EC, Gamma Cyhalothrin 60 CS, LamdaCyhalothrin 2.5 EC, Imidacloprid 20 SL, Emmectin 75 WDG, Bifenthrin 2.5 EC, Chlorfenapyr 360 SC and Methomil 40 SP were tested against Red Cotton Bug on cotton crop. The data of the mortality was recorded before and after 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days of treatment. Bifenthrin 2.5 EC gave maximum mortality %age 63.41, 74.38, 93.25 and 85.94 after 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 7 days after spray application respectively of Red Cotton Bug while Emmamectin 75 WDG gave minimum mortality %age 43.66, 55.03, 68.55 and 52.86 after 24hrs, 48hrs, 72hrs and 7 days after spray application respectively of Red Cotton Bug.

Objectives

To find out the effective chemicals for the control of RED Cotton Bug.

Methodology

Cotton crop will be sown in the area of Entomological Research Institute, in RCB. Design, having plot size 17 x 27sq.ft. with three repeats. The pest population will be recorded before and after 24 hours 3 and 7 days of spray per plant. Phyto-toxicity effects of tested insecticides will also be observed on cotton plant after application