Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku

Hybrid rice is the commercial rice crop grown from F₁ seeds of a cross between two genetically dissimilar parents. Good rice hybrids have the potential of yielding 15-20% more than the best-inbred variety grown under similar conditions. To exploit the benefits of hybrid rice, farmers have to buy fresh seeds every cropping season.

Hybrid rice is any genealogy of rice produced by crossbreeding different kinds of rice. As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays heterosis (or hybrid vigor) such that when it is grown under the same conditions as comparable high-yielding inbred rice varieties it can produce up to 30% more rice. High-yield crops, like hybrid rice, are one of the most important tools for combating world food crises.

The use of chemical fertilizers in adequate quantity and balanced form is important for getting the potential yield of rice. Generalized fertilizer recommendations are given below as a guide, which need to be adapted and tailored to specific situations in the light of local knowledge and experience.

For Basmati DAP = 1.5 bag, Urea 1.75 bags and 1 bag of Potash is recommended (All DAP and Potash + 1/3 Urea as basal dose + 1/3 Urea at 25-30 DAT + 1/3 Urea at 45-50 days after transplanting). For medium / coarse grain varieties DAP = 1.75 bag, Urea 2.25 bags and 1 bag of Potash is recommended (All DAP and Potash + half Urea as basal dose and half Urea after 30 days of transplanting). Use of Potash is recommended where tube well irrigation is the only source. In saline soils DAP and Urea should be replaced by SSP Ammonium sulphate for good yield. Zn application in transplanted crop is also recommended @ 5-10 kg/acre for zinc deficient soils.

About 5000 liter of water in traditional area and 2000 liters of water in non-traditional area is required for producing one Kg of rice. About 64 inches delta of water is required for rice crop. Failure of Monsoon Rains may cause more than 50% decrease in rice production.

If water is abundantly available than water level at transplanting should be kept 1-1.5 inches and gradually increased upto 3 inches. Water should be kept standing in the field upto 25-30 days after transplanting. After that, irrigation should be stopped for few days. Then apply 2nd dose of Urea fertilizer and irrigate the field. Keep the field in saturated condition. Irrigate the field after 3rd application of nitrogen. Irrigation should be stopped 15 days prior to harvesting.

If water is not abundantly available water level of the field at transplanting should be kept 1-1.5 inch. This level should be maintained up to 15-20 days after transplanting. After 15-20 days keep the field in saturated condition but apply irrigation after 2nd and 3rd nitrogen application. Granular pesticide should be applied in 2-3 inch standing water and maintain this level for 7 days. Irrigation should be stopped 15 days prior to harvesting.

A pest management philosophy that utilizes all suitable pest management techniques and methods to keep pest populations below economically injurious levels. 

Cultural, mechanical, biological and chemicals control measures play an important role to minimize the yield losses with least impact on the environment.

The pest density at which management action should be taken to prevent an increasing pest population from reaching the economic injury level.

OR

The smallest number of pests (or injury) that will cause yield losses equal to the pest management costs.

Use any one pesticide as per directions of label at following ETLs.
Rice Stem Borers (White, Yellow & Pink):

• 0.5% deadheart on rice nursery
• 5% dead heart on rice crop
• 8-10 Moth/Trap/Night

Recommended pesticide:
carbosulfan, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, fipronil, fipronil + cartap hydrochloride, monomehypo, monomehypo + monosultop, monosultop, decamethrin + deltamethrin. flubendiamide, lambda-cyhaothrin etc.

Rice Leaffolder: 02 rolled leaves per plant
Recommended pesticide:
carbosulfan, cartap hydrochloride, chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, deltamethrin, fipronil, fipronil+ cartap hydrochloride, flubendiamide, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhaothrin etc.

Planthoppers:

• 15 Nymphs or Adults per plant in July-August
• 20 Nymphs or Adults per plant in September-October
• 7-10 Nymphs or Adults per net

Recommended pesticide:
carbofuran, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, clothianidin, dinotefuron+ chlorantraniliprole, fipronil, fipronil+ cartap hydrochloride, flonicamid, gamma-cyhalothrin, imidachloprid, nitenpyram + pymetrozine, nitenpyram + chlorantraniliprole, pymetrozine, sulfoxaflor, thiamethoxam etc.

Grasshoppers/ Toka:

• 03 Nymphs or Adults per net on rice nursery 
• 05 Nymphs or Adults per net on rice crop

Recommended pesticide:
bifenthrin, lambda cyhalothrin, cartap hydrochloride etc.

1. Continuous submerged conditions in the field
2. High shady and humidity
3. Closed canopy of the rice plants
4. Densely seeded crops
5. Excessive use of nitrogen
6. Early season insecticide spraying

Parboiled is rough rice that has gone through a steam-pressure process before milling. It is soaked, steamed, dried, and then milled to remove the outer hull. This procedure gelatinizes the starch in the grain, and is adopted at the mill in order to harden the grain, resulting in less breakage, thus ensuring a firmer, more separate grain. Parboiled rice is favored by consumers and chefs who desire extra fluffy and separate cooked rice.

Parboiled (basmati & non-basmati) rice is called “Sella” parboiling results in yellow rice with clear transparent grains is a result of parboiled the characters like chalkiness and aroma are eliminated but grains elongate more than the white rice during cooking. Parboiled rice has improved vitamin contents (more thiamine and nicotinic acid) and grain breaking is significantly reduced during milling process. Parboiled rice requires higher water/rice ratio than regular /white rice during cooking.