1. Mungbean
i. Cercospora Leaf Spot
This disease is a due to fungus Cercospora leaf spot. It is a very dangerous disease which is found in the all the mungbean growing areas of the Punjab.
Symptoms
Under favorable environmental conditions, severe leaf spotting and defoliation occurs at the time of flowering and pod formation.
The brown lesions may be seen on petioles, branches and pods in severe cases.
Management Strategy
- Remove and burn the infected plant debris.
- Spray the recommended fungicides
- Grow disease resistant varieties
ii. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus
This is dangerous disease of mungbean. The favorable temperature for the development of disease is 28 to 40 OC and more than 80% humidity. This disease caused by Yellow Mosaic Virus. This Virus is transmitted through a vector white fly.
Symptoms
Initially irregular yellow and green patches alternating with each other. The yellow discoloration slowly increases and newly formed leaves may completely turn yellow. Infected leaves also show necrotic symptoms and infected plants normally mature late and bear a very few flowers and pods. The pods are small and distorted.
Management Strategy
- Remove the weed hosts
- Grow resistant varieties
- Vector management
iii. Urdbean Leaf Crinkle Virus
Symptoms
The symptom appears initially on young leaves. The enlargement of 4th or 5th leaf is seen four or five weeks after sowing. Later crinkling and curling of the tips of leaflets are seen. The petioles as well as internodes are shortened. The infected plant gives a stunted and bushy appearance. Inflorescence, if formed, is malformed and turns with small size flower buds and fails to open.
Management Strategy
- Resistant varieties.
- Vector management
- Removal of diseased plants
- Remove weed hosts periodically
2. Gram
i. Wilt (Soil borne)
This disease is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum.
Symptoms
Yellow spots appear on the leaves, branches & stems then the plants wilt & died. This disease appears on temperature 25-300c & at low humidity.
Control
- Use disease free seed
- Crop rotation
- Treatment the seed with recommended fungicide
ii. Dry Root Rot (Soil borne)
This disease is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia bataticola.
Symptoms
Roots of the effected plants turn from white to black and soft. This disease appears at more than 300c temperature & low Humidity.
Control
- Sowing on time
- Deep Ploughing
iii. Blight (Seed borne)
This disease is caused by the fungus Ascochyta rabiei.
Symptoms
At first gray circular spots appear and they turn dark brown with black border. Small water-soaked lesions on leaves, stems and pods. The favorable temperature 15-250c and high Humidity.
Control
- Removal of plant debris
- Crop rotation with barley, wheat and mustard.
- Foliar spray of fungicide
3. Wheat
i. Brown Rust (Air borne)
This disease is caused by fungus Puccinia recondita.
Symptoms
Small, orange-brown pustules randomly scattered over the leaves. As the crop ripens the black spores are produce. The favorable temperature for the development of disease is 20-300c and more than 60% humidity.
Control
- Sow the resistant varieties
- When the disease appear then spray the recommended fungicides
ii. Yellow Rust (Air borne)
This disease is caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis.
Symptoms
Yellow streaks appear on leaves. In the severe attack of disease these yellow streaks cover the whole leaf & the process of photosynthesis is affected & the yield becomes low. The favorable temperature for the development of disease is 10-200c & more than 80% humidity.
Control
- Sow the resistant varieties
- Spray the recommended fungicides on the appearance of the disease
iii. Stem Rust
This disease is caused by the fungus puccinia graminis.
Symptoms
Drak brown spots appear on the leaves and stems. The size of the spots is larger than leaf rust spots.
Control
- Sow the resistant varieties
- Sow the crop in the month of November
- More than one wheat varieties should be sown